Detection and genetic diversity of porcine rotavirus A,B and C in eastern Australian piggeries

Rotaviruses (RV) have a high prevalence in piggeries worldwide and are one of the major pathogens causing severe diarrhoea in young pigs. RV species A, B, and C have been linked to piglet diarrhoea in Australian pig herds, but their genetic diversity has not been studied in detail. Based on sequencing of the structural viral protein 7 (VP7) RVA G genotypes G3, G4 and G5, and RVC types G1, G3, G5, and G6 have been identified in Australian piggeries in previous studies. Although occurrence of RVB was reported in Australia in 1988, no further genetic analysis has been conducted. To improve health management decisions in Australian pig herds, more information on RV prevalence and genetic diversity is needed. Here, 243 enteric samples collected from 20 pig farms within Eastern Australia were analysed for the presence of RV in different age groups using a novel PCR-based multiplex assay (Pork MultiPath™ enteric panel). RVA, RVB, and RVC were detected in 10, 14, and 14 farms, respectively. Further sequencing of VP7 in selected RV-positive samples revealed G genotypes G2, G5, G9 (RVA), G6, G8, G14, G16, G20 (RVB), and G1, G3, G5, G6 (RVC) present. RVA was only detected in young (<10 weeks old) pigs whereas RVB and RVC were also detected in older animals (>11 weeks old). Interestingly, RVB and RVC G-type occurrence differed between age groups. In conclusion, this study provides new insights on the prevalence and diversity of different RV species in pig herds of Eastern Australia whilst demonstrating the ability of the Pork MultiPath™ technology to accurately differentiate between these RV species.     

赴丹麦、瑞典畜牧业考察报告

畜牧业作为农业的重要组成部分，是优化农业结构、振兴农村经济和增加农民收入的重要支柱产业。通过分析总结丹麦、瑞典等发达国家在畜牧业发展上取得的成功经验，明确黑龙江省畜牧业发展的目标，提出了发挥区住优势、加快畜牧业“三化”建设、加大农业生态环境的保护、解决食品安全问题、加强与北欧国家经贸合作的建议，对加快黑龙江省畜牧业发展具有重要的启示作用。     

胎牛血清在猪孤雌囊胚玻璃化冷冻后恢复培养中的作用研究

【目的】研究胎牛血清(fetal bovine serum,FBS)在猪孤雌囊胚玻璃化冷冻后恢复培养中的作用。【方法】本试验以体外培养第5天的猪孤雌激活囊胚为材料,将新鲜和冷冻囊胚分别在含10% FBS(V/V)的胚胎培养液中继续培养48 h,即分为新鲜组(Fresh)、新鲜+FBS组(Fresh+FBS)、冷冻组(Vitrified)、冷冻+FBS组(Vitrified+FBS)。观察各组囊胚的扩张和孵化能力,检测胚胎的细胞膜损伤、凋亡细胞数目、总细胞数目、胞内活性氧(ROS)水平、线粒体活性以及发育相关基因的表达水平。【结果】与Fresh和Vitrified组相比,Fresh+FBS和Vitrified+FBS组的完全扩张率、孵化率和囊胚细胞总数均显著提高(P＜0.05),细胞膜损伤率和细胞凋亡率均显著降低(P＜0.05)。与Fresh组相比,Vitrified组ROS水平显著升高(P<0.05),Fresh+FBS和Vitrified+FBS组ROS水平均显著降低(P<0.05)。Vitrified+FBS组的线粒体活性显著高于Vitrified组(P<0.05)、显著低于Fresh+FBS组(P<0.05),与Fresh组无显著差异(P＞0.05)。相比于Fresh组,Vitrified组POU结构域与类转录因子1(POU5F1)表达水平显著上升(P＜0.05)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)表达水平显著下降(P＜0.05)。增殖细胞核抗原(PCNA)、DNA甲基转移酶3A(DNMT3A)、超氧化物歧化酶1(SOD1)、BCL2相关X蛋白(BAX)/BCL2L1的表达水平在Fresh和Vitrified组之间均无显著性差异(P＞0.05)。Fresh+FBS和Vitrified+FBS组中PCNA、SOD1和CAT的表达水平显著高于Fresh和Vitrified组(P<0.05)。【结论】体外培养第5天的新鲜和冷冻猪孤雌囊胚在10% FBS中继续培养,其发育能力及胚胎质量均得到明显改善。     

泛素激活酶抑制剂对猪精子获能状态、膜重构及体外受精的影响

【目的】评估泛素激活酶（E1）对猪精子获能、膜重构和体外受精的影响。【方法】选取5头长白猪采集精液，以硫醇酯法评估泛素激活酶（ubiquitin activating enzyme，E1）抑制剂（TAK-243）对精子中泛素（ubiquitin，Ub）与E1结合的影响；将精子分为鲜精组（Fresh）、DMSO组（DMSO）、获能组（Capacitated）及2.4、4.8和7.2 nmol/L TAK-243组，鲜精组用2 mL PBS重悬精子沉淀；获能组用2 mL获能液重悬精子沉淀；DMSO组及2.4、4.8和7.2 nmol/L TAK-243组分别用2 mL含0.07% DMSO及2.4、4.8和7.2 nmol/L TAK-243的获能液重悬精子沉淀，使用微生物动（静）态图像检测系统检测精子的动力学参数；以Western blotting法检测精子的酪氨酸磷酸化水平；Zn²⁺荧光探针检测精子的Zn²⁺含量；花生凝集素染色检测精子的顶体膜重构；免疫荧光法检测顶体表面精子黏附蛋白（AQN-1、AWN）的表达；体外受精法检测TAK-243对精卵结合和卵裂率的影响。【结果】硫醇酯分析结果表明，TAK-243处理组精子未形成Ub-E1复合物，说明TAK-243抑制了E1对Ub的激活作用。与鲜精组相比，获能组精子的曲线速度（VCL）和平均鞭打频率显著升高（P<0.05）。3个浓度TAK-243组与获能组精子的各项动力学参数差异均不显著（P>0.05）。与获能组相比，3个浓度TAK-243组酪氨酸磷酸化水平均显著降低（P<0.05），且随着TAK-243浓度的增加，精子蛋白的酪氨酸磷酸化水平逐渐降低。后续试验使用7.2 nmol/L TAK-243进行精子中Zn²⁺水平和顶体膜重构的研究，其结果表明，与获能组相比，7.2 nmol/L TAK-243组Zn²⁺水平、顶体膜完整性及AQN-1和AWN蛋白的表达水平均显著增加（P<0.05），精子与卵母细胞的黏附率和卵裂率均显著降低（P<0.05）。【结论】7.2 nmol/L TAK-243显著降低了精子获能期间蛋白酪氨酸磷酸化水平、精卵结合率和卵裂率，显著增加了Zn²⁺含量、顶体膜完整率及顶体表面蛋白AWN和AQN-1的表达，说明泛素-蛋白酶体信号通路参与了精子的体外获能。     

Study on Developmental Expression of ApoCⅡ Gene mRNA in Liver Tissues of Pigs

The aim of this study was to investigate the developmental patterns of ApoCⅡ gene mRNA in liver in Mashen and Large White pigs, and study the relationship between the expression level of ApoCⅡ and the lipid metabolism in pigs.The mRNA relative expressions of ApoCⅡ gene in liver at seven stages of 1,30,60,90,120,150,and 180-day old in Mashen and Large White pigs were determined by quantitative Real-time PCR.The results showed that the developmental trend of ApoCⅡ mRNA expression in liver between Mashen and Large White pigs was different.The ApoCⅡ mRNA abundance was decreased from birth to 60-day old,then increased at 90-day old,and decreased again after that in Mashen pig.However,the relative expression amount in Large White pig was gradually decreased from birth to 150-day old and increased again at 180-day old.Except for the ApoCⅡ mRNA expression amount at 1-day old,the differences of the expression amount at other stages in Mashen and Large White pigs were significant or extremely significant (P<0.05 or P<0.01).The ApoCⅡ mRNA expression in liver was affected by age and breed,and could play an important role in lipid metabolism in pigs.     

贵州地方猪BF基因的群体遗传特性分析

以BF基因为候选基因,利用PCR和直接测序技术对贵州白香猪、可乐猪、大约克猪3个品种共95个个体BF基因外显子15、16、17的733 bp进行多态性分析,并对不同品种进行群体遗传学分析。结果显示:在第16外显子45 bp处存在A→C的碱基突变,命名为BF-exon16-A45C,导致编码的氨基酸由谷氨酸(Glu)突变为天冬氨酸(Asp);在贵州白香猪和可乐猪群体内均检测到AA、AC和CC三种基因型,在大约克猪群体内只检测到AC和CC两种基因型,贵州白香猪处于低度多态,可乐猪和大约克猪处于中度多态。经χ2适合性检验表明:贵州白香猪在该位点偏离了Hardy-Weinberg遗传平衡状态,可乐猪和大约克猪均处于Hardy-Weinberg遗传平衡状态。     

西北地区猪产业化发展规划与经营模式思考

养猪产业是畜牧经济中的一项具有发展优势和潜力的产业。由于我国发达地区劳动力成本的不断增加,使得养殖业出现了向中西部转移的趋势,这就为西北地区发展养猪业提供了良好的机遇。分析了西北地区养猪业的发展现状,并对西北地区猪产业化发展规划及经营模式进行了初步探讨。     

环境管制政策的实施效果评价——以九龙江流域"限猪令"为例

环境管制一直是我国环境污染治理所采取的主要政策之一,对我国的环境保护起到了一定的积极作用,同时也存在一些弊端,致使其成效不甚显著甚至背离初始目标.在此情况下,如何评价环境管制政策绩效具有重要的理论和实际意义.本文以九龙江流域"限猪令"政策为例,选取政策目标实现度、主要环保指标实现、环保投入效益、公众参与及满意度四个方面...     

Effects of forage type and gibberellic acid on nitrate leaching losses

Nitrogen (N) leaching from soil into water is a significant concern for intensively grazed forage‐based systems because it can cause a decline in water quality and is a risk to human health. Urine patches from grazing animals are the main source of this N. The objective of this study was to quantify the effect that forage type and gibberellic acid (GA) application had on N leaching and herbage N uptake from urine patches on perennial ryegrass–white clover (RGWC), Italian ryegrass and lucerne. A lysimeter study was conducted over 17 months to measure herbage growth, N uptake and N loss to water beneath each of the three forage types with the following treatments: control, urine (700 kg N/ha) and urine with GA (8 g GA active ingredient/ha). Compared with RGWC (205 kg N/ha), N leaching losses were 35.3% lower from Italian ryegrass (133 kg N/ha) and 98.5% higher from lucerne (407 kg N/ha). These differences in leaching loss are likely to be due to winter plant growth and N uptake. During the winter months, Italian ryegrass had higher N uptake, whereas lucerne had lower N uptake, compared with RGWC. The application of GA had no effect on N leaching losses, DM yield or N uptake of forage treated with 700 kg N/ha urine.     

猪的福利与放牧养猪

通过对动物福利的概况阐述,分析了我国猪饲养环境中存在的动物福利问题以及放牧养猪对猪只福利的影响,提出了发展放牧养猪的思路。